Introduction to Psychology 知到智慧树答案2024 z5969

第一章 单元测试

1、According to Freud, psychological problems arise from conflict between the __ and the ____.

A Id; Ego
B Super-ego; Ego
C Super-ego; Id
D Conscious; Subconscious
答案  Super-ego; Id

2、According to Freud, what is the part of our psyche that is instinctually driven by our basic needs, wants and desires?

A Id
B Super-ego
C Ego
D Conscience
答案  Id

3、According to Freud, what is the part of the psyche that attempts to balance immediate gratification and societal norms?

A Super-ego
B Ego
C Id
D Preconscious
答案  Ego

4、What is the best way to describe Freuds approach to psychology?

A Medical
B Scientific
C Empirical
D Epistemological
答案  Medical

5、According to Freud, what is the part of our psyche that is most interested in maintaining societal norms and decency?

A Id
B Ego
C Super-ego
D Personality
答案  Super-ego

6、The idea that human behavior is governed by a physical component and a non physical (i.e., spiritual) component is referred to as ____.

A dualism
B materialism
C empiricism
D rationalism
答案  dualism

7、What does Luigi Galvani’s research with applied electrical currents suggest?

A Human behaviour is a combination of mechanical and spiritual components.
B Human behaviour is caused by electrochemical processes.
C The brain is divided into areas for specific tasks.
D The brain is not divided into areas for specific tasks.
答案  Human behaviour is caused by electrochemical processes.

8、Who is credited with the development of Cartesian Dualism?

A John Locke
B James Mills
C Luigi Galvani
D Rene Descartes
答案  Rene Descartes

9、What philosophical view of human behavior is best supported by the work of Paul Broca?

A Materialism
B Dualism
C Empiricism
D Existentialism
答案  Materialism

10、According to materialism, what is the cause of human behaviour?

A Spiritual induction
B Physical mechanisms
C Internal motivations
D Emotional states
答案  Physical mechanisms

11、Determining whether something is true or false by observing it through experimentation is called _.

A naturalism
B philosophy
C inference
D empiricism
答案  empiricism

12、What was William James main contribution to the field of Psychology?

A Conducting the first laboratory based research experiments
B Generating and publishing ideas about psychological topics
C Measuring the speed of neural transmission rate
D Training observers how to perform introspection
答案  Generating and publishing ideas about psychological topics

13、Who is recognized as being the first psychologist?

A Ernst Weber
B Sigmund Freud
C Wilhelm Wundt
D Hermann Von Helmholtz
答案  Wilhelm Wundt

14、Introspection is a technique wherein a person reflects upon and reports their personal experience. Early scientists criticized this technique because it was ____.

A Indirect and objective
B Direct and subjective
C Direct and objective
D Indirect and subjective
答案  Indirect and subjective

第二章 单元测试

1、What is the branch of psychology called where researchers study how groups work together and people interact with each other?

A Individual Psychology
B Social Psychology
C Humanistic Psychology
D Cross-cultural Psychology
答案  Social Psychology

2、Which part of the scientific process is observational research best suited for?

A Generating answers
B Generating questions
C Establishing theories
D Refuting theories
答案  Generating questions

3、If the amount of time a student spent studying was positively correlated with grades achieved, what would we expect to see if someone had low grades?

A The student did not spend a lot of time studying
B The student spent a lot of time studying
C A strong negative correlation
D There is not enough information to determine correlation
答案  The student did not spend a lot of time studying

4、A positive correlation between two variables means that as ___.

A one variable increases, the other variable increases
B one variable increases, the other variable decreases
C one variable decreases, the other variable stays the same
D one variable decreases, the other variable increases
答案  one variable increases, the other variable increases

5、A scatter plot that shows a trend line that travels down to the right would demonstrate what type of correlation?

A negative correlation
B positive correlation
C weak correlation
D no correlation
答案  negative correlation

6、What does SR stand for in behavioral psychology?

A Stimulus Response
B Secondary Reaction
C Selective Response
D Stimulation Reaction
答案  Stimulus Response

7、What did the Little Albert Experiment tell us about the relation between stimuli and responses?

A Responses to stimuli cannot be conditioned
B Responses to stimuli can be conditioned
C Conditioned responses can be eliminated
D Conditioned responses cannot be eliminated
答案  Responses to stimuli can be conditioned

8、Why does cognitive psychology consider the computer to be good analogy of the human brain?

A It records information as binary code
B It stores vast quantities of information
C Its operations cannot be seen
D It processes input and generates output
答案  It processes input and generates output

9、What practice makes psychology a science rather than just a collection of ideas and arguments?

A Formal debates
B Publishing journal articles
C Experimentation
D Public funding
答案  Experimentation

第三章 单元测试

1、A t-test is a ratio of ___ to ___.

A expected values; observed values
B between-group differences; within-group differences
C success; failure
D highest scores; lowest scores
答案  3

2、A t-test is an example of __ statistics.

A descriptive
B inferential
C scientific
D conclusive
答案  inferential

3、The upper curves of the brain are called __, while the deep grooves are called ____.

A fissures, gyri
B gyri, grey matter
C gyri, fissures
D white matter, fissures
答案  gyri, fissures

4、What is the order of neuron structures from receiving information, processing information and sending information?

A dendrites, cell body, axon
B axon terminal, cell body, dendrites
C terminal buttons, dendrites, cell body
D synaptic cleft, cell body, dendrites
答案  synaptic cleft, cell body, dendrites

5、Why does the surface of the brain contain folds?

A They look stylish
B Pressure from cerebral fluids
C To match the grooves on the inside of the skull
D They allow for more brain tissue to fit in the skull
答案  They allow for more brain tissue to fit in the skull

6、Constricting pupils, stimulated digestive and salivation activity and constricting lungs are due to the activation of the _ system.

A sympathetic
B parasympathetic
C central nervous
D somatic
答案  parasympathetic

7、The peripheral nervous system links the brain to the _.

A spinal cord
B central nervous system
C body
D skeletal system
答案  body

8、Why is the brainstem considered to be a reptilian system?

A It is present in all reptiles
B It is shaped like a snake
C It is attached to the brain stem
D It is a primitive brain structure
答案  It is a primitive brain structure

9、Damage to which structure of the brain would result in deficits in motor learning and the production of uncoordinated movements?

A Cerebellum
B Medulla
C Pons
D Amygdala
答案  Cerebellum

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